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Space communications, particularly mega satellite networks, re-emerged as an
appealing candidate for next generation networks due to major advances in space
launching, electronics, processing power, and miniaturization. However, mega
satellite networks rely on numerous underlying and intertwined processes that
cannot be truly captured using conventionally used models, due to their dynamic
and unique features such as orbital speed, inter-satellite links, short time
pass, and satellite footprint, among others. Hence, new approaches are needed
to enable the network to proactively adjust to the rapidly varying conditions
associated within the link. Artificial intelligence (AI) provides a pathway to
capture these processes, analyze their behavior, and model their effect on the
network. This article introduces the application of AI techniques for
integrated terrestrial satellite networks, particularly mega satellite network
communications. It details the unique features of mega satellite networks, and
the overarching challenges concomitant with their integration into the current
communication infrastructure. Moreover, the article provides insights into
state-of-the-art AI techniques across various layers of the communication link.
This entails applying AI for forecasting the highly dynamic radio channel,
spectrum sensing and classification, signal detection and demodulation,
inter-satellite link and satellite access network optimization, and network
security. Moreover, future paradigms and the mapping of these mechanisms onto
practical networks are outlined.
