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A Radiological Clip Design Using Ultrasound Identification to Improve Localization. (arXiv:2308.16319v1 [eess.SP])

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Objective: We demonstrate the use of ultrasound to receive an acoustic signal
transmitted from a radiological clip designed from a custom circuit. This
signal encodes an identification number and is localized and identified
wirelessly by the ultrasound imaging system. Methods: We designed and
constructed the test platform with a Teensy 4.0 microcontroller core to detect
ultrasonic imaging pulses received by a transducer embedded in a phantom, which
acted as the radiological clip. Ultrasound identification (USID) signals were
generated and transmitted as a result. The phantom and clip were imaged using
an ultrasonic array (Philips L7-4) connected to a Verasonics Vantage 128 system
operating in pulse inversion (PI) mode. Cross-correlations were performed to
localize and identify the code sequences in the PI images. Results: USID
signals were detected and visualized on B-mode images of the phantoms with up
to sub-millimeter localization accuracy. The average detection rate across
1,600 frames of ultrasound data was 94.6%. Tested ID values exhibited
differences in detection rates. Conclusion: The USID clip produced
identifiable, distinguishable, and localizable signals when imaged.
Significance: Radiological clips are used to mark breast cancer being treated
by neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) via implant in or near treated lesions. As
NAC progresses, available marking clips can lose visibility in ultrasound, the
imaging modality of choice for monitoring NAC-treated lesions. By transmitting
an active signal, more accurate and reliable ultrasound localization of these
clips could be achieved and multiple clips with different ID values could be
imaged in the same field of view.

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