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arXiv:2309.13380v5 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: We continue the study of ``dynamical gravastars'', constructed by solving the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff (TOV) equations with relativistic matter, undergoing a phase transition at high pressure to a state with negative energy density, as allowed in quantum theory. Since generation of a horizon-like structure or ``simulated horizon'' occurs at a radius above where the phase transition occurs, it is solely a property of the TOV equation with relativistic matter, for appropriate small radius initial conditions. We survey the formation of a simulated horizon from this point of view. From the numerical solutions, we show that the metric exponent appearing in the TOV equation undergoes an arc tangent-like jump, leading to formation of the simulated horizon. Rescaling the problem to fixed initial radius, we plot the ``phase diagram'' in the initial pressure--initial mass plane, showing the range of parameters where a simulated horizon dynamically forms. Reformulating the TOV equations in rescaling-invariant form yields improved numerical results for the ``phase diagram'', and gives a simplified model consisting of a 2-dimensional autonomous system of first order differential equations, for further analytical study.