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arXiv:2311.02981v2 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: The formation of horizons in finite time according to distant observers results in a number of remarkable properties of the objects they bound. Subject to this requirement, spherically-symmetric black holes can only decrease in mass, while white holes can only expand. We provide a detailed analysis of the latter scenario, focussing on the energy-momentum tensor near the horizon and the experiences of various observers. Kerr-Vaidya metrics are the simplest dynamical axially-symmetric solutions, all of which violate the null energy condition and thus are not excluded by the criterion of finite formation time. Of the four classes of Kerr-Vaidya metrics, two correspond to the allowed spherically-symmetric solutions: evaporating black holes and expanding white holes. We demonstrate a consistent description of accreting black holes based on the ingoing Kerr-Vaidya metric with increasing mass, and show that the model can be extended to cases where the angular momentum to mass ratio varies. Their apparent horizon is shown to be weakly singular. Pathologies are also identified in the evaporating white hole geometry which reinforce controversies arising from the classical and quantum instabilities of their static counterparts. We also describe a generalization of the equivalence between Rindler and Schwarzschild horizons to Kerr-Vaidya black holes, and describe the relevant geometric constructions.