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arXiv:2404.14684v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: In the framework of general relativity (GR), gravitational waves (GWs) are theorized to travel at the speed of light across all frequencies. However, Lorentz invariance (LI) violation and weak equivalence principle (WEP) violation may lead to frequency-dependent variations in the propagation speed of GWs, which can be examined by comparing the theoretical and observed discrepancies in the arrival times of GW signals at various frequencies. This provides us with an opportunity to test these theories. In theories involving LI violations, we focus on the massive gravity with the graviton mass $m_g$. In the case of WEP violation, different massless particles exposed to the same gravitational source should exhibit varying gravitational time delays. The gravitational time delay induced by massive gravitational sources is proportional to $\gamma+1$, where the parameter $\gamma=1$ in GR. Therefore, we can quantify these two violations using the graviton mass $m_g$ and $|\Delta \gamma|$, respectively. In this study, we use selected GW data from binary black hole coalescences in the LIGO-Virgo catalogs GWTC-2.1 and GWTC-3 to place constraints on the parameters $m_g$ and $|\Delta \gamma|$. Our most stringent constraints suggest that $m_g \lesssim 1.40\times10^{-26}eV/c^2$ at the upper limit of the 90% credible interval and $|\Delta \gamma| \lesssim 7.05 \times 10^{-16}$ at the 90% credible interval. We also compute Bayes factors for models that assume LI and WEP violations compared to the standard GW model, respectively. The absolute value of the natural logarithm of the Bayes factor is generally less than 2. Our analysis reveals no statistically significant preference for either model. Additionally, the Bayes factors between these two models do not provide obvious evidence in favor of either one.